alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor br A year old man presented

A 56-year-old man presented with an asymptomatic subcutaneous mass on the extensor side of left forearm for 2 years. On examination, a 6 cm × 10 cm, flesh-colored, rubbery–elastic, multinodular subcutaneous mass was found on the left forearm. Additionally, there were many mature hairs arising from the mass (). The other skin area beyond the tumor was almost bared without overlying hairs. An incisional biopsy was performed. Pathologically, there were patches of myxoid change from the upper dermis to the subcutis with pleomorphic spindle cells in the myxoid areas (A and B). Some lipoblast-like and Reed–Sternberg-like cells were also noted (C and D). There was mixed inflammatory infiltrate around the perivascular area with lymphocytes, histiocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, and multinuclear giant cells (E and F). Mature hair follicles were also noted. Mitotic figures were rarely seen. Immunohistochemical studies showed that tumor cells were strongly positive for vimentin and CD34, and negative for smooth muscle actin, desmin, S-100 protein, and cytokeratin. CD68 was focally positive. Based on these histopathologic findings, myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MIFS) was diagnosed. The tumor was widely excised with a free but close margin (about 1 mm) to the basal alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor and the wound was repaired with anterolateral thigh flap. MIFS was first reported by Montgomery in 1988. Since it has also been reported in other locations, the previous name “acral MIFS” is no longer used in the 2002 World Health Organization classification. MIFS is a rare, slow-growing, ill-defined subcutaneous painless tumor mostly on the hands and feet. The tumor is often seen in middle-aged adults with equal sex distribution. Generally, it is still regarded as a low-grade tumor with a good prognosis. However, metastasis leading to death has also been reported. Clinically, MIFS should be differentiated from other common subcutaneous neoplasms such as ganglion cysts, nodular fasciitis, synovial pseudocyst, neurofibroma, liposarcoma, and myxofibrosarcoma. Histologically, it shows multinodular and poorly circumscribed tumor with prominent myxoid change and focal area of hyalinization. It is mostly confined to the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, although invasion of underlying fascia, tendons, and skeletal muscle have been observed. Mixed inflammatory infiltrates including neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and large atypical, pleomorphic cells with vesicular nuclei; hyperchromatic nuclei resembling Reed–Sternberg cells, lipoblasts, and ganglion cells are the main features for MIFS. Necrosis and hemorrhage are sometimes seen.
HaCaT cells, a human epidermal keratinocyte cell line, have been utilized for the study of skin pathophysiology. HaCaT cells have been suggested to possess normal morphogenesis and differentiation features, and normal keratinization and stratification were detected when the cells were grown in organotypic culture. HaCaT cells can be grown in traditional high calcium medium for long periods of time. On the contrary, normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) need to be cultured at a low calcium concentration and require supplementary growth factors, and once induced to undergo differentiation by the addition of extra calcium, they rapidly die. Filaggrin is a keratin bundling protein that is formed via the cleavage of the profilaggrin polyprotein during epidermal terminal differentiation. A few reports have detected filaggrin expression in monolayer cultured HaCaT cells by Western blotting, but the culture conditions and detection procedures employed were unclear. Here we demonstrate filaggrin expression in HaCaT cells by Western blotting. HaCaT cells (a generous gift from Professor N.E. Fusenig, German Cancer Research Center, Germany) were cultured in Dulbecco\'s modified Eagle\'s medium (DMEM), which contains a low glucose concentration and a high calcium level (1.8mM), and 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO and 95% air. The cells were seeded at 1 day before their treatment. On the treatment day, the cells are at > 90% confluent, the medium was replaced with FBS-starved DMEM or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Cells were processed for protein isolation followed by Western blotting analysis or immunocytochemistry. The number of viable cells was assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (Dojindo, Kumamoto, Japan), in which WST-8 is converted to formazan by cellular dehydrogenase. The absorbance of formazan was determined at 450 nm.